Moving to Italy

All Italians (and just about everyone spending an extended period of time in Italy) have what is called a codice fiscale. It's an alphanumeric code that serves as a legal identifier for each person. While some people compare it to a social security number, it has far more uses than a SSN and isn't as private.
In Italy, you need a fiscal code to:

• rent an apartment
• buy a home
• buy a cell phone
• enroll in the health care system
• open a bank account
• enroll in a class
• make select purchases online
• and much more!

In particular, anything that requires a contract of any sort will call for a codice fiscale. It should come as no surprise that the code is not just for purchases. It's also a unique taxpayer identifier that helps the Italian government know who is currently residing in Italy.Unlike a social security number, you don't need to be a citizen of Italy to apply for a codice fiscale -- anyone is eligible to receive one! As a foreigner, there are two ways apply for your codice fiscale. The first way is to apply once you arrive in Italy. You go to the local Agenzia delle Entrate and apply in person. The second way to apply for a code is through your nearest Italian Consulate. Using this method, you can apply for your code before leaving the United States.
There are pros and cons to both methods of applying for a codice fiscale and you should complete in depth research to determine which option is best for you.